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Internal Controls refer to the procedures and policies implemented within an organization to ensure the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of information and assets, as well as promote adherence to laws, regulations, and organizational objectives. It is a systematic approach to managing risks and achieving business goals through proper design, implementation, and monitoring of controls in various business processes such as operations, finance, accounting, and information technology. The primary objective of internal controls is to provide reasonable assurance that the organization's activities are carried out efficiently, effectively, and ethically, and its resources are used responsibly. Internal controls play a critical role in ensuring the reliability of financial reporting, safeguarding assets against loss or theft, promoting compliance with laws and regulations, and enhancing operational efficiency.