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Fresco painting is a technique of mural decoration in which pigments are applied to wet plaster, allowing them to become part of the wall itself as it dries. This method was popularized during the Middle Ages, particularly in Italy, and played a significant role in the development of Renaissance art. The process involves careful planning and execution, as the artist must work quickly while the plaster is still wet. Frescoes often depict religious scenes or historical events and are characterized by their vibrant colors and sense of depth. This art form has been used to create some of the most iconic works in art history, including Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel ceiling and Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel frescoes.