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Thermal insulation refers to the practice of reducing heat transfer between two spaces, either interior or exterior. In architecture and interior architecture, thermal insulation is crucial in maintaining comfortable living conditions while minimizing energy consumption. Architectural materials play a significant role in achieving effective thermal insulation, with various options available such as mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, and polyurethane foam. These materials are designed to prevent heat loss during cold weather and reduce heat gain during hot weather. By incorporating appropriate thermal insulation measures, architects can create energy-efficient buildings that promote sustainability, enhance occupant comfort, and contribute to a healthy living environment.