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Fault geology refers to the study of fractures in the Earth's crust where blocks of rock have moved relative to each other. These fractures can be caused by tectonic forces, such as the movement of tectonic plates, or by other factors such as volcanic activity or human-induced activities like mining. Faults can vary in size and orientation, and they play a crucial role in the formation of mountains, valleys, and other geological features. Scientists who study fault geology seek to understand the processes that lead to fault formation, as well as the potential hazards associated with faults, such as earthquakes.