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A crystal lattice refers to the geometric arrangement of atoms or ions within a crystal structure. It is characterized by repeating patterns in three dimensions, forming a network of points that represent the positions of the particles within the crystal. The lattice structure determines many of the physical and chemical properties of the crystal, such as its symmetry, density, and optical behavior. Crystal lattices can be categorized into different types based on their symmetry and arrangement, including simple cubic, body-centered cubic, face-centered cubic, hexagonal close-packed, and more complex structures such as diamond or sodium chloride.