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Cell membrane transport refers to the process by which substances are moved across the cell membrane, which acts as a barrier that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. This essential function allows for the uptake of nutrients, removal of waste products, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. There are two main types of cell membrane transport: passive transport, which does not require energy and includes processes such as diffusion and osmosis, and active transport, which requires energy and involves the use of protein pumps to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Additionally, facilitated diffusion involves the use of protein channels or carriers to assist in the movement of specific molecules across the membrane. Overall, cell membrane transport plays a crucial role in ensuring the proper functioning of cells and organisms.